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<span class="token function">git</span> config <span class="token punctuation">[</span>--global<span class="token punctuation">]</span> user.email <span class="token string">&quot;[email address]&quot;</span>
</code></pre></div><h3 id="启动"><a href="#启动" class="header-anchor">#</a> 启动</h3> <p>一个<code>git</code>项目的初始有两个途径，分别是：</p> <ul><li><code>git init [project-name]</code>：创建或在当前目录初始化一个git代码库</li> <li><code>git clone url</code>：下载一个项目和它的整个代码历史</li></ul> <h3 id="日常基本操作"><a href="#日常基本操作" class="header-anchor">#</a> 日常基本操作</h3> <p>在日常工作中，代码常用的基本操作如下：</p> <ul><li><code>git init</code> 初始化仓库，默认为 master 分支</li> <li><code>git add .</code> 提交全部文件修改到缓存区</li> <li><code>git add</code> &lt;具体某个文件路径+全名&gt; 提交某些文件到缓存区</li> <li><code>git diff</code>  查看当前代码 add后，会 add 哪些内容</li> <li><code>git diff --staged</code> 查看现在 commit 提交后，会提交哪些内容</li> <li><code>git status</code> 查看当前分支状态</li> <li><code>git pull &lt;远程仓库名&gt; &lt;远程分支名&gt;</code> 拉取远程仓库的分支与本地当前分支合并</li> <li><code>git pull &lt;远程仓库名&gt; &lt;远程分支名&gt;:&lt;本地分支名&gt;</code> 拉取远程仓库的分支与本地某个分支合并</li> <li><code>git commit -m &quot;fix: 注释&quot;</code> 提交代码到本地仓库，并写提交注释</li> <li><code>git commit -v</code> 提交时显示所有diff信息</li> <li><code>git commit --amend [file1] [file2]</code> 重做上一次commit，并包括指定文件的新变化</li></ul> <p>关于提交信息的格式，可以遵循以下的规则：</p> <ul><li>feat: 新特性，添加功能</li> <li>fix: 修改 bug</li> <li>refactor: 代码重构</li> <li>docs: 文档修改</li> <li>style: 代码格式修改, 注意不是 css 修改</li> <li>test: 测试用例修改</li> <li>chore: 其他修改, 比如构建流程, 依赖管理</li></ul> <h3 id="分支操作"><a href="#分支操作" class="header-anchor">#</a> 分支操作</h3> <ul><li>git branch 查看本地所有分支</li> <li>git branch -r 查看远程所有分支</li> <li>git branch -a 查看本地和远程所有分支</li> <li>git merge &lt;分支名&gt; 合并分支</li> <li>git merge --abort 合并分支出现冲突时，取消合并，一切回到合并前的状态</li> <li>git branch &lt;新分支名&gt; 基于当前分支，新建一个分支</li> <li>git checkout --orphan &lt;新分支名&gt; 新建一个空分支（会保留之前分支的所有文件）</li> <li>git branch -D &lt;分支名&gt; 删除本地某个分支</li> <li>git push &lt;远程库名&gt; :&lt;分支名&gt; 删除远程某个分支</li> <li>git branch &lt;新分支名称&gt; &lt;提交ID&gt; 从提交历史恢复某个删掉的某个分支</li> <li>git branch -m &lt;原分支名&gt; &lt;新分支名&gt; 分支更名</li> <li>git checkout &lt;分支名&gt; 切换到本地某个分支</li> <li>git checkout &lt;远程库名&gt;/&lt;分支名&gt; 切换到线上某个分支</li> <li>git checkout -b &lt;新分支名&gt; 把基于当前分支新建分支，并切换为这个分支</li></ul> <h3 id="远程同步"><a href="#远程同步" class="header-anchor">#</a> 远程同步</h3> <p>远程操作常见的命令：</p> <ul><li>git fetch [remote] 下载远程仓库的所有变动</li> <li>git remote -v 显示所有远程仓库</li> <li>git pull [remote] [branch] 拉取远程仓库的分支与本地当前分支合并</li> <li>git fetch 获取线上最新版信息记录，不合并</li> <li>git push [remote] [branch] 上传本地指定分支到远程仓库</li> <li>git push [remote] --force 强行推送当前分支到远程仓库，即使有冲突</li> <li>git push [remote] --all 推送所有分支到远程仓库</li></ul> <h3 id="撤销"><a href="#撤销" class="header-anchor">#</a> 撤销</h3> <ul><li><p>git checkout [file] 恢复暂存区的指定文件到工作区</p></li> <li><p>git checkout [commit] [file]  恢复某个commit的指定文件到暂存区和工作区</p></li> <li><p>git checkout . 恢复暂存区的所有文件到工作区</p></li> <li><p>git reset [commit] 重置当前分支的指针为指定commit，同时重置暂存区，但工作区不变</p></li> <li><p>git reset --hard 重置暂存区与工作区，与上一次commit保持一致</p></li> <li><p>git reset [file] 重置暂存区的指定文件，与上一次commit保持一致，但工作区不变</p></li> <li><p>git revert [commit]  后者的所有变化都将被前者抵消，并且应用到当前分支</p></li></ul> <blockquote><p><code>reset</code>：真实硬性回滚，目标版本后面的提交记录全部丢失了</p> <p><code>revert</code>：同样回滚，这个回滚操作相当于一个提价，目标版本后面的提交记录也全部都有</p></blockquote> <h3 id="存储操作"><a href="#存储操作" class="header-anchor">#</a> 存储操作</h3> <p>你正在进行项目中某一部分的工作，里面的东西处于一个比较杂乱的状态，而你想转到其他分支上进行一些工作，但又不想提交这些杂乱的代码，这时候可以将代码进行存储</p> <ul><li><p>git stash 暂时将未提交的变化移除</p></li> <li><p>git stash pop 取出储藏中最后存入的工作状态进行恢复，会删除储藏</p></li> <li><p>git stash list 查看所有储藏中的工作</p></li> <li><p>git stash apply &lt;储藏的名称&gt;  取出储藏中对应的工作状态进行恢复，不会删除储藏</p></li> <li><p>git stash clear 清空所有储藏中的工作</p></li> <li><p>git stash drop &lt;储藏的名称&gt;  删除对应的某个储藏</p></li></ul> <h2 id="三、总结"><a href="#三、总结" class="header-anchor">#</a> 三、总结</h2> <p><code>git</code>常用命令速查表如下所示：</p> <p><img src="https://static.vue-js.com/0a10f3c0-f7b0-11eb-991d-334fd31f0201.png" alt="速查表"></p> <h2 id="参考文献"><a href="#参考文献" class="header-anchor">#</a> 参考文献</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2015/12/git-cheat-sheet.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">git-cheat-sheet<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></li> <li><a href="https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000017875714" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Git 常用命令集<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></li></ul></div> <footer class="page-edit"><!----> <div class="last-updated"><span class="prefix">更新时间:</span> <span class="time">3/2/2022, 7:13:49 PM</span></div></footer> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev">
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